With FIO you can collect sequential and IOPS statistics. Sequential thoughput is what you would need if for instance extracting a large tar archive. or copying a disk image. IOPS, where I measure a mix of 70% reads, 30% write, would be what you need for an OLTP workload.
Sequential writes:
Let's try from the slowest to the fastest, using the commandfio --size=9G --bs=64k --rw=write --direct=1 --runtime=60 --name=64kwrite --group_reporting
The ouput from this test should match the column wMB/s of the command iostat -mx 2, executed during the test.
1) SD Card Sandisk Extreme Pro : 10MB/s
dmesg | grep mmc0
[ 3.019323] mmc0: new ultra high speed SDR50 SDHC card at address e624
(SDR50 indicates a 50MB/s bus speed)
64kwrite: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=12583: Sat Jan 7 15:24:55 2017
write: io=512000KB, bw=11702KB/s, iops=182, runt= 43754msec
...
bw (KB /s): min= 1280, max=13184, per=99.97%, avg=11697.93, stdev=2798.43
2) A 5400rpm disk, mounted over a USB 2.0 port: 35 MB/s
[6:0:0:0] disk WDC WD20 NPVZ-00WFZT0 01.0 /dev/sdb
...
64kwrite: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=13635: Fri Jan 6 14:55:11 2017
write: io=2056.1MB, bw=35035KB/s, iops=547, runt= 60120msec
...
bw (KB /s): min= 7168, max=61696, per=100.00%, avg=35101.89, stdev=10726.73
...
3) Same 5400rpm disk, mounted over a USB 3.0 port: 106 MB/s
64kwrite: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=7877: Fri Jan 19 17:01:47 2018
write: IOPS=1703, BW=106MiB/s (112MB/s)(6388MiB/60001msec)
4) Samusung SSD 840 over SATA port: 360MB/s
64kwrite: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=16095: Fri Jan 6 15:17:56 2017
write: io=9216.0MB, bw=365400KB/s, iops=5709, runt= 25827msec
...
bw (KB /s): min=345472, max=396160, per=99.87%, avg=364934.33, stdev=10505.38
Random Readwrites:
Using the command:
fio --size=2G --bs=4k --rw=randrw --rwmixread=70 --direct=1 --runtime=60 --numjobs=4 --name=4k7030test --group_reporting
The ouput from this test should match the column r/s and w/s of the command iostat -mx 2, executed during the test.
1) SD Card Sandisk Extreme Pro: 364 iops reading, 154 writing
dmesg | grep mmc0
[ 3.019323] mmc0: new ultra high speed SDR50 SDHC card at address e624
(SDR50 indicates a 50MB/s bus speed)
4k7030test: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=12724: Sat Jan 7 15:29:45 2017
read : io=87488KB, bw=1457.8KB/s, iops=364, runt= 60017msec
write: io=37108KB, bw=633130B/s, iops=154, runt= 60017msec
2) A 5400rpm disk, over a USB 3.0 port: 37 iops reading, 15 writing
[6:0:0:0] disk WDC WD20 NPVZ-00WFZT0 01.0 /dev/sdb
4k7030test: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=12756: Sat Jan 7 15:31:02 2017
read : io=9044.0KB, bw=154135B/s, iops=37, runt= 60084msec
write: io=3796.0KB, bw=64694B/s, iops=15, runt= 60084msec
3) Samusung SSD 840 over SATA port: 22484 iops reading, 9648 writing
4k7030test: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=12265: Sat Jan 7 15:15:54 2017
read : io=5269.9MB, bw=89937KB/s, iops=22484, runt= 60001msec
write: io=2261.4MB, bw=38594KB/s, iops=9648, runt= 60001msec
A very good summ up of fio benchmarks is also available on the Thomas Krenn wiki (in german)
